Material- och logistikvalens betydelse på en betongplattas miljöpåverkan : En jämförande LCA studie mellan verklig och generisk data

Sammanfattning: The Swedish goverment has recently produced a proposition that demands that a developer of a housing project has to produce an climate calculation before finishing the project. The proposition also includes an amendment to the Planning and building act (PBL) which states that the building comitte cannot call to final clearance for the project unless the developer has produced the climate calculation. This law is determined to come into effect 1st of january 2022. Life cycle assessment is a method for calculating a products environmental impact. This study has used life cycle assessment to visualise the environmental impact of the load-bearing concrete base of a building. This study was developed for the purpose to understand the imporance the differerent choices in material and transportation have on the overall environmental impact of the concrete base. In this study three different life cycle assessment method have been used; a climate calculation by hand, a computer simulated calculation with generic data and lastly anoher computer simulated caluculation with environmental product declarations (EPD).    The results of this study found that the transportation only has an impact of maximum 2% on the overall environmental impact for the concrete base. Furthermore it was shown that the concrete and EPS insulation were the two materials with the highest singular environmental impact of all the materials in the concrete base.  With these results one can argue that the most important change one has to do to reduce the environmental impact of a concrete base is to find alternative materials to use in a load-bearing construction base instead of concrete and EPS insulation. The finding that transportation only has a 2% environmental impact seems smalls, although a 2% reduction in environmental impact with the use of more locally produced materials on each new construction projekt will result in a great reduction of the overall environmental impact for the building industry.