Energy in the Transportation System - A comparison of charging infrastructure scenarios

Sammanfattning: A functioning charging infrastructure is crucial for achieving full-scale national electrification within the transport sector. The system is likely to consist of different charging technologies, all with the main objective of providing efficient energy replenishment services. Careful planning for the deployment of this infrastructure is of high importance. The consumer segments are diverse, each with their own requirements and desires, but all sharing a common request: partly in the form of sufficient driving range. To prevent further increases in battery sizes, it is vital to address EV range anxiety by establishing a robust charging network. The objective of this thesis is to determine the total energy requirement, in terms of batteries, for the transportation system when implementing a charging infrastructure based on battery swapping and slow charging. The results are compared with fast charging and electric road system scenarios, analyzing the usage of the proposed charging technologies for long-distance travel by cars and trucks. If the system solely consisted of battery swapping stations, the total battery capacity would be 420 GWh for cars and 32 GWh for trucks. In an electric road system scenario, these numbers would be 167 GWh and 12 GWh respectively. When compared to a fast charging solution, battery swapping would result in an increase of 0.4% for cars and 7.8% for trucks. In contrast, electric road systems would lead to a reduction of 60% for both cars and trucks.