Revisorernas oberoende ifrågasätts : går det att sitta på dubbla stolar, få dubbla inkomster och ändå bevara oberoendet?

Sammanfattning: The recent accounting scandals in large companies in both USA and Europe, such as Enron and Scandia, have led to a huge debate about the quality of financial reports approved by auditors who, at the same time, offer consultancy service to their audit clients. Many researchers and experts argued that there is a role conflict when an auditor offers consultancy service to audit clients. They argue that the main duty of an auditor is to verify the truthfulness of the company's financial statements. Giving consultancy service to the audit clients will impair the auditor's role to examine the company's books independently because of the economic bond between auditors and audit clients. As a result of the Enron scandal, the legislators in the USA have made restrictions to how auditors provide non-audit service to audit clients. However, the legislators in Sweden, unlike the US, did not choose to introduce such restrictions. They instead introduced an Analytical Model, which is a tool designed to help auditors in their decision making process concerning their independence. This has led us to the following research question: What is the auditors' attitude towards auditing a company that they also offer a consultancy service? What measures do auditors take to maintain their independence? The purpose of this study is therefore to acquire knowledge about auditor's attitude to provide consultancy service to their clients and if this affects their independence. We also wanted to see if the existing tools, such as the "Analytical Model" help auditors to maintain their independency. Another purpose is to find out if a difference exists between how auditors who work in large or small public companies handle the different situations that might affect their independence. A deductive methodology was applied to acquire the necessary theories and previous research contributions in the area. Most of the work is from other countries and the results are contradicting. Some researchers have found that there is a relationship between consultancy service to audit clients and the impairment of the auditor's independence while others oppose. In order to answer our research question, we performed sex qualitative interviews with certified public accountants in both small and large auditing firms. Our findings show that the consultancy service to audit clients affects the auditor's independence, especially if the consultancy service is substantial. We also found that there is a difference between how small and large companies manage different situations that may undermine the auditor's independence. Furthermore, our results show that the larger the auditing firm is, the better it is equipped to offer consultancy service to audit clients and at the same time maintain the auditor's independence. This is mainly due to the fact that large auditing firms have more qualified consultants who work in different departments with in the company. This makes it possible that some of the consultants deal with the auditing while others offer consultancy service to the same client.