Synergier och målkonflikter mellan klimatmålet om noll nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser år 2045 och Sveriges nationella miljökvalitetsmål

Sammanfattning: In January 2018, Sweden’s new Climate Act and long-term climate goal entered into force. The goal states that, by 2045, Sweden will reach net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases. The goal is ambitious and requires powerful climate change mitigations in a variety of sectors, which can lead to both positive synergies and negative tradeoffs with the 16 existing Environmental Quality Objectives. Examining and analyzing such interactions can accelerate the achievement of the goals and reduce the risk of unwanted complications.  The purpose of this study is to assess the central measures of achieving the climate goal, and to evaluate and clarify possible synergies and tradeoffs between the climate goal and Sweden’s Environmental Objectives. The applied methods include literature studies, expert assessments, Causal Loop Diagrams and a comparative analysis method, and a total of 160 interactions between the climate goal and the Environmental Objectives have been examined.  37% of the interactions show positive synergies, and 47% show no significant impact between the climate goal and the Environmental Objectives. Only 16% of the interactions are estimated to lead to possible negative tradeoffs. In many cases, type of used technology and the location of the measures play a decisive role; with careful planning and precautionary principles, synergies can be supported and tradeoffs avoided.