Bäckenbottenträning hos kvinnor med urininkontinens : En litteraturöversikt

Sammanfattning: Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a public health issue from which many women suffer. There are different forms of UI and various causes of why the problem occurs, but the common factor is that UI contributes to shame and has a negative impact on women's quality of life (QoL). Aim: To find out if women find pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) effective on UI-symptoms, and whether the effect differs depending on whether it is performed with or without aids: or as group versus individual training. The aim was also to illustrate the impact of PFMT on women's quality of life. Method: A literature review based on 15 scientific original articles with quantitative studies. The search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Cochrane Library. Results: The studies show that PFMT is an effective method to reduce symptoms of UI, both in combination with aids and without. Individual training proved more effective in strengthening the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and in reducing urinary leakage, compared with group training. All articles that studied the relationship between PFMT and QoL showed that women's QoL increased when the symptoms of UI decreased. Four themes were identified regarding PFMT and UI in the study. Themes consisted of; effect, aid, training arrangements and QoL. Conclusion: All forms of PFMT showed positive results on symptoms of UI in women. PFMT reduced leakage, increased PFM strength and improved QoL. Intravaginal aids combined to PFMT proved to be the most effective method in reducing symptoms of UI. Keywords: Urinary incontinence, Pelvic floor muscle training, Women