Karaktärisering av avfallsbränslen

Sammanfattning: All products will eventually end up as waste, which in a sustainable society has to be handled in an efficient and environment friendly way. This report focuses on waste fractions meant for combustion, often difficult to characterize. However, more homogeneous fractions that are treated biologically are also discussed. The study concerns the region of Borås, Sweden, where the waste plant Sobacken has provided a good starting point. On this site, fuel to the Energy-from-Waste plant of Borås Energi is prepared and the biological waste is treated through anaerobic digestion. One important part of the study has been to collect experience-based knowledge from the technical staff at Sobacken and Borås Energi. This information was compiled into an overview of wanted and unwanted fractions to the preparation plant and the boilers respectively. The purpose of this overview is to complement existing delivery terms and thereby facilitate an increased quality of the fuel from the suppliers. A significant element of the analysis has been to characterize the content of the industrial waste sent to Sobacken for combustion. Chemical analyses of the prepared fuel as well as the conducted waste component analysis indicate a heterogeneous composition of the waste. A heterogeneous fuel often results in an uneven combustion, leading to higher emissions and an unwanted variation in the energy production. Through the waste component analysis, a comprehensive picture of the waste composition was attained. Materials non-valid for delivery mostly consisted of wet domestic waste (biodegradable materials), but some hazardous waste was also found. The results of the waste component analysis were communicated to the involved suppliers and this has already resulted in a considerable reduction of the amount of biodegradable waste in the deliveries of industrial waste.