Gröna obligationer ur emittentens perspektiv : En studie om hur svenska fastighetsbolag offentliggör ändamålet med finansieringen

Sammanfattning: The climate change is one of the biggest challenges that the world is facing today. Largely the global emissions are caused by economic activities which means that it is necessary that capital is used for investments in sustainable solutions. One “approach” for companies to finance sustainable “solutions” is through green bonds. The market for green bonds has experienced strong growth since the first issue. However, there is a risk that market developments will slow down due to a lack of trust in the financial instrument. This is because of that issuers tend to avoid demonstrating the environmental benefits and how the financing through green bonds is used. The purpose of this study is to explain how Swedish real estate companies that are issuing green bonds use the financing and how this is made public. The study will contribute to increased transparency between Swedish real estate companies and their stakeholders when issuing green bonds. To answer the purpose of the study, a qualitative research method has been applied. The qualitative method has been carried out through semi-structured interviews. In the study, six interviews were conducted with people from listed Swedish real estate companies that have issued green bonds. The theories on which the study is based are the theory of legitimacy and the stakeholder theory.  The empirical data has shown that all real estate companies in the study primarily use the financing to environmentally certify the existing property portfolio. The financing is also used for investments in energy efficiency of properties. Common to the respondents is that their green framework was established with the support of the voluntary guidelines GBP, which then were reviewed externally. The real estate companies' green framework includes the purposes for which the payments from the green bonds may be used. The publication of the use usually takes place in connection with the real estate companies' accounting reports, not least in investor and financial reports. The result of the study shows that there is a divided opinion among the respondents how transparent actors in the Swedish real estate market are when it comes to publication. Those who are skeptical about transparency believe that the demonstration of the ecological climate footprint and the quality of the publication vary in the market. The respondents who are positive about the transparency attribute this to the fact that players in the Swedish real estate market uses green frameworks.