Att lindra preoperativ oro hos vuxna patienter : – en litteraturstudie över aktuella omvårdnadsåtgärder

Sammanfattning: Background: Patients who are going through a surgical intervention, almost always have some form of anxiety related to this. Pharmacological interventions are routinely used for treatment of preoperative anxiety. Although there are different forms of strategies and nursing interventions that can be used by the nurse anaesthesia to meet patients with preoperative anxiety. Purpose: To describe non-pharmacological nursing interventions utilized by nurse anesthetist to alleviate patients’ pre-operative anxiety. Design/Method: A literature review was performed. 23 studies with quantative method met the inclusion criteria and was included in the review. Result: A number of non-pharmacological nursing interventions reduces the preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing surgical intervention. The findings display interventions that all have a significant effect on preoperative anxiety: acupuncture, massage, aromatherapy, relaxation exercises, music therapy, supporting conversation, pre-recorded information, oral information and written information and education. Common for all these interventions is that they are all performed when the care-relationship according to Fundamentals of Care is established.  No research was found to illustrate any difference between men and women in how the preoperative anxiety is affected by these nursing interventions. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological nursing interventions prior to surgery alleviate the pre-operative anxiety in patients. By using relatively simple and inexpensive measures, individually adapted to the patient’s requirements, the preoperative anxiety can be relieved. There is a lack in knowledge regarding differences between how nursing interventions affects the pre-operative anxiety in men versus in women.