Ekosystemtjänster i kommunal planering - En svensk fallstudie

Sammanfattning: Methods for identification and valuation of Ecosystem Services (ES) have been developed and applied worldwide in purpose to better consider nature in land planning decisions. In Sweden each municipality has a spatial planning monopoly and with that comes differences in prerequisites for sustainable land and water usage within the country. A growing number of actors are offering ES-analyses as a purchasable service and not seldom the customers for these services are the municipalities. Yet there is no national pronounced body with the assignment to follow up and evaluate these services and therefore much of the work remains unknown for the public. There also seem to be uncertainties within municipalities about how to best perform ES-analyses in their specific contexts. Therefore, the aim with this study is to give guidance to a Swedish municipality called Ängelholm. The municipality of Ängelholm has ambitions to incorporate the ES-concept in their spatial planning through identification and valuation of their ES. This study aims to create context-based guidance for Ängelholm by considering two of their ongoing detailed planning processes, and by drawing links between these and three ES-analyses carried out in 2015, 2020 and 2021 in other Swedish municipalities. All three cases had meant that a consulting company was hired by a municipality to carry out an ES-analysis. The three cases were examined through the consultant’s performance reports and through interviews with actors both from the municipalities and from the consulting companies. The collaborations between the companies and the municipalities were then evaluated based on a literature study. An attempt was made to draw links between the three cases and the two ongoing detailed plans in the municipality of Ängelholm. Aspects considered in this attempt was (1) the size/area of the detailed plan, (2) type of landowner inside/outside the area of the detailed plan, (3) the purpose of the detailed plan, (4) The current land use and nature inside/outside the detailed plan. The results from this study showed that parts of the collaborations and ES-analyses could be applicable on the two detailed plans in the municipality of Ängelholm based on the aspects 1-4. Yet some parts of the collaborations and ES-analyses could be questioned against the background of the literature study. Challenges related to consultant-municipality collaborations seemed to be the municipalities' degree of participation in the analyses and the municipalities' understanding of how the ES analyses were carried out. In addition to this, it seemed important that the purposes and results of the analyses are carefully communicated between the municipalities and the consultants for the results to be useful in the continued planning processes.