En Jämförelse av tre byggföretag och två kommuners Hållbarhetspraxis: Likheter och Skillnader i Utsläppsredovisningar av Växthusgaser, Energiförbrukning och Avfallshantering

Sammanfattning: The background of the study explored greenhouse gas emissions, waste management, andenergy consumption within the construction and real estate sector, focusing on both municipalentities and private companies. The sector's environmental impact has become a centralconcern with an increased focus on sustainability and reduced climate impact. This motivatedthe need for a thorough analysis to understand and compare how different stakeholders in thesector address and respond to these challenges.The study's execution involved a combination of interviews and analysis of available datafrom three construction companies (Skanska, Peab, Rejlers) and two municipalities (Malmo,Landskrona). Through a cross-sectional study, insights were gained into the specificstrategies, challenges, and outcomes related to greenhouse gas emissions, waste management,and energy consumption for both companies and municipalities. This methodology allowedfor a holistic view of sustainability practices within the sector.The results highlight that greenhouse gas emissions have been identified as a crucial factoraffecting both environmental and economic perspectives for both municipalities andconstruction companies. Reducing these emissions has a positive impact on several otheraspects studied, such as reuse and energy consumption. Construction companies emphasizethe importance of reducing environmental impact, often in response to requirements from thecities they build for. Municipalities, with a more overarching role, can set requirements forconstruction companies to meet environmental goals and monitor the results.The study's conclusions emphasize the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as afundamental strategy to promote sustainability within the construction and real estate sector.Reuse and reduced energy consumption emerge as central to achieving positive results fromboth environmental and economic perspectives. Solutions such as incentives and increasedcollaboration between municipalities and construction companies are proposed to make reuseeconomically viable. Furthermore, the study highlights how energy consumption is closelyrelated to greenhouse gas emissions, emphasizing the need to transition to more sustainableenergy sources.Finally, the study underscores the importance of being aware of the challenges of generalizingresults for the entire construction and real estate sector. Each organization has its uniquechallenges and strategies, requiring individual adaptations to promote sustainability within thesector as a whole. The study offers valuable insights into how stakeholders in the constructionsector approach and respond to environmental challenges, with the potential to guide futuresustainability initiatives and research in the field.  Keywords: Energy consumption, waste management, greenhouse gas emissions, life cycleanalysis (LCA) and municipal construction.