Investerares perspektiv på användbarheten av immateriella tillgångar i finansiella rapporter : En kvalitativ studie ur ett användarperspektiv

Sammanfattning: Abstract Intangible assets is a thoroughly discussed subject in accounting research. Given the technological advances, intangibles become more common in today’s corporations. According to research, accounting for intangibles is a problematic area of accounting and suggestions vary on how these assets should be recorded in financial reports to provide useful information. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to existing knowledge on the relevance of intangible assets and investigate whether financial reports contain sufficient information regarding intangibles, to function as an appropriate basis for economic decision-making. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven analysts and fund managers active in Sweden, all of which have major experience from capital markets. The study takes an inductive approach and provides a holistic perspective of users’ perception on the significance of intangible assets and their information needs. The results show that analysts and fund managers consider intangibles to be an important part when analysing a company, but that its importance varies amongst companies and industries. Corporations are unequally skilled at presenting information of intangibles and the accounting system lacks uniform routines for accounting of these assets, which can be considered a flaw in the financial statements’ design. The book value of intangibles is of less relevance in an analysis, since these assets cannot be recorded at market value. Furthermore, the criteria for capitalisation can make some intangibles unrecorded, thereby absent in the financial statements. Users do not see this as a problem since financial statements are substituted with alternative sources of information. However, this may lead to information asymmetry among investors, as access to alternative sources of information differs between different types of investors. Keywords: intangible assets, financial statements, decision-making, usefulness, accounting, information asymmetry, user-perspective