Människan först för en hållbar stad : Bryta bilen som norm för att välja gång och cykel

Sammanfattning: Since the 1950s, private car use in Sweden has grown rapidly. The car and a significant aid that became a symbol of freedom and flexibility has today become a necessity that many consider themselves unable to live without. Planning according to the mobility of the car and the priority of street space has contributed to increasingly sparsely populated cities. Cars and their infrastructure occupy large areas for roads and parking, causing congestion, noise and creating barrier effects that have made it difficult for other modes of transport to function. We are now facing major climate change and a large part of the emissions come from the transport sector. As a result of climate change, urbanization and an increased focus on sustainable cities, a change in traffic planning has begun to take place. Current and established traffic standards are beginning to be questioned. The environmental impact of traffic becomes clearer the larger a city is, but it is also in the city that the conditions are greatest for sustainable travel. A transformation of the transport sector needs to stand on three legs. Renewable fuels, fossil-free and energy-efficient vehicles and a transport-efficient society. The electrification of the vehicle fleet is an important technological development, but to achieve the climate goals and for ecologically, economically and socially sustainable development, a steering towards a transport-efficient society is necessary. The purpose of this thesis has been to gain an understanding and investigate how conscious planning and urban development can enable to cope with everyday life in cities and urban areas without being dependent on the car as often. Can car dependence as a norm be broken and can the physical environment support so that the short car journeys can be replaced by walking and cycling as a mode of transport instead of by car? To achieve this purpose, a literature review and a case study of Borlänge municipality has been conducted. Borlänge is a medium-sized city that has grown and developed as the fastest when the cities were to be designed according to a car community. The size and topography of the city should make it favorable to ride a bike, but with the design of the city, the distances are perceived as long. The case study was supplemented with a qualitative interview study with four respondents about their thoughts on sustainable urban planning for a reduced car dependence.To promote and encourage pedestrian and bicycle traffic, the city needs to be concentrated and functionally mixed. Target points need to be located so that it does not create unnecessary travel. For the journeys that need to be made, accessibility needs to be prioritized for the sustainable modes of transport. When we move forward at low speeds, it is with our senses that we take in the surroundings. Then the design and structure of spatiality are important. Is it collected or scattered, open or closed. Norms change over time and what is perceived as self-evident today does not have to be tomorrow. The choices that society and authority make regarding planning and the mode of travel that is given the greatest importance today will in the future serve as the norm. If investments are made in alternatives to the car that are more attractive and accessible to choose, it signals a desired behavio rand norm.The environmental impact and most of the global carbon dioxide emissions come from cities around the world, but now larger cities have been given a more prominent role in the transition. New urban planning concepts are under development with a common denominator. It's going in a direction where you get by with minimal private car use. Major cities show the way that in the future it is the green, quiet, healthy and walkable city that will be seen as most attractive and stand for quality of life compared to the car-borne city.