Förändras ledarskapet när det sker på distans? : En studie om chefers upplevelse av ledarskapets förändring till distansarbete på ett IT-företag till följd av Covid-19

Sammanfattning: Covid-19 is a virus that has been rapidly spreading throughout the entire world from the start of 2020 and continued even during 2021. In a little bit over a year Sweden had more than one million confirmed cases of Covid-19. This virus has caused companies to start working remotely, by distance, to minimize the spread of the virus, which has forced employees and managers to adapt to the new way of working. The quick change to working remotely, in virtual teams, can cause challenges that require managers to adapt or change their leadership to effectively handle the transition. In this study, the purpose is to examine leadership and how managers experience the way of managing by distance. This study will also seek an understanding of which challenges and changes in the leadership that are the main consequences and also how managers have changed their way of working with motivation, communication and monitoring during remote work. To conduct the study a qualitative research method has been applied where only one company has been studied to get a deeper understanding of this phenomenon and to collect data ten semi-structured interviews were conducted and six questionnaires were sent. The company in this study is anonymous, which means that when the company is mentioned it will be by a fictitious name. The findings showed that the leadership’s main challenges were the social distance, the lack of natural encounters, the sensitive conversations and to see employees’ well-being as well as their body language. Based on the empirical evidence, the focus of motivation was perceived to be more focused on maintaining relationships and to look after the employees' health and well-being. It seems that the communication has increased in view of regular meetings and reconciliations, but also to maintain the social contact. The reconciliations are used to create an overview, not to micromanage or exercise control but instead the managers rely on trust and competence. Their leadership also seems to have become more present and more engaged with the employees. Finally, this study concludes that some aspects that managers perceive as important in their leadership are reinforced when working remotely. These are for example communication, to be present and building relationships. Additionally, there are also aspects that are not as important (development) at the same time as new aspects (well-being) are highlighted more during leadership by distance.